Socio-economic drought index is a scientific and objective approach applied in many countries and by scientific organizations to examine the vulnerability of territories under the impacts of drought. Applying this index to assess the vulnerability of Ninh Thuan province, the results have shown that: The ability to cope with drought depends on available resources, as well as the diversity of income sources and employment. In order to actively respond to drought, Ninh Thuan province is in need of changing its perception: It must consider drought as a normal factor of nature, thus must transform response measures from the relief response to the approach of prevention, mitigation, preparedness on the basis of improving existing resources, developing strategies for economic development and employing labor in line with regional strengths.