This study analyses floating markets in the Mekong River Delta of Vietnam from the perspective of human ecology. Issues disscussed included ecological and social systems of floating markets, roles of ecosystem for the social system of floating markets, impacts of social system on the ecosystem of floating markets, consequences of social system impacts on the floating market ecosystem, and impacts of the trend of times on the social system of floating markets. The research results not only supplemented information about floating markets but also contributed the voice to the protection of river environment and the reservation of floating markets at the studied area.